Ulster Plantation Notes
1. Undertakers (settlers or planters) (got 73% of land) £5 rent per acre, had to bring English or Scottish tenants to rent and work the land 2. Soldiers (Servitors or Adventurers) (got 13% of land) £8 rent per acre (were allowed to rent to Irish) 3. Loyal to crown Irish (got 14% of land) £10 rent per acre (allowed to rent to Irish) By 1640 40,000 English and Scottish settlers moved to Ireland Settlers had to promise or undertake to: • pay rent • build towns (e.g. Londonderry, Coleraine) • speak English • follow obey English common law • promote protestant versions of Christianity (Anglican and Presbyterian) • introduce new farming methods • promote English culture and customs • build stone houses and bawns (wall around the garden/courtyard) Derry/Londonderry James also convinced craftsmen from the London Companies or guilds to move to Ireland (esp. Co. Derry renamed Londonderry) Londonderry Town/City: wall for protection, protestants inside the walls of city, roman catholics outside in an area the Bogside. Market squares in towns were known as the 'Diamond' Impact, Effect, Consequences of the Ulster Plantation: • More protestants in Ireland • More English spoken in Ireland • More people following English Common Law, English customs • New towns builts • New farming methods introduced • New roads built • More craftsmen and workshops in Ireland • More stone houses and bawns built • English got more control in Ireland • Many English and Scottish people moved to Ireland • Tensions between settlers and native Irish over: land, culture, religion, power. • Sometimes tensions led to conflict and violence. Ireland in 1500 King was Lord of Ireland and had little control. The country was divided into 3 areas:
Henry VIII and IrelandHenry wanted greater control in Ireland because:
Surrender and Regrant: Gaelic and Anglo-Irish lords gave their land to the king and got it back, with a title, if they promised to speak English, obey English law and practice English customs. This led to disputes over succession and now land could be confiscated from a chieftain. Plantations were now possible. Loyal planters would get the land of rebellious Irish. The Plantation of Laois and OffalyO Moores and O Connors raided Pale. Lord Deputy defeated them and confiscated lands. Queen’s County (Laois) with a county town called Maryborough (Portlaoise). King’s County (Offaly) with a county town called Philipstown (Daingean) Plantation failed because not enough planters came and the Irish kept attacking the settlers. The Plantation of MunsterCauses of the Desmond Rebellions:
The Plantation of Ulster (special study)Background and Causes: Elizabeth wanted English law and Protestant religion in Ulster. O Neill and O Donnell rebelled. Some victories (Battle of Yellow Ford) and final defeat in Kinsale 1601. Treaty of Mellifont. Flight of the Earls 1607. James 1 confiscated land. The Plantation: James wanted loyal settlers, an income and a way to pay soldiers. 6 counties (Armagh, Derry, Donegal, Cavan, Fermanagh and Tyrone) Estates of 1000, 1500 and 2000 given to 3 groups:
The Cromwellian SettlementBackground and Causes: 1641 rebellion. Ulster settlers massacred. Civil War in England. Ireland was regarded, as Royalist and Cromwell needed to pay his Roundheads and adventurers who had financed the Civil War. Religion was important to Cromwell. The Plantation: 1652 Act of Settlement. ‘To hell or to Connaught’ Many sent to the West Indies. Soldiers allowed enlist in armies not at war with England. Sir William Petty and the Down Survey. 11 million acres. Results:
N.B**** This is one very similar to a settler who recieved land except you are writing as someone who lost land. However you should note the key terms and description of your Plantation town are the same. Use the guide questions below to create your own PIH. About two sentences per section.
My name is Jocky Stewart. I was born in Scotland and I am a member of the Presbyterian Church. I am very loyal to my King, James I, and I came to live in Ulster in 1622 where I received land in Tyrone, one of the six counties that were planted.
Q. How did you get land? I am a servitor as I used to be a soldier in the King’s army and I received my land as payment for my services. I was in turn given a 1000 acre site in County Tyrone as payment. Q. What rules did you have to follow? I have to pay rent of £8 per annum and I had to build a house of stone. I then had to surround my house with a Bawn (stone wall) for protection. I am allowed rent part of my land and I am allowed some Irish as tenants. Q. What is your home like, describe it? I have built a large 2-storey stone and timber house, where the roof is made of slate, and the chimney is built of red brick. This is very different from the traditional house of the native Irish. Q. What are your farming methods? I do not raise cattle like the Irish farmers. Instead I grow lots of crops, which is known as Arable farming. I have introduced a new crop to the area called the potato. I have also cleared large areas of forest and drained the land, while also building lots of fences and ditches around my fields, to protect my crops from any potential Gaelic thieves Q. What is your local town like? Lots of new people have settled in my town. There are many different craftsmen who live there such as masons and cobblers, and the town was specially planned and is in the shape of a DIAMOND. It has wide, straight streets throughout and has a square in the centre. There are important buildings all over the town such as a Court House, a Market House and a Presbyterian Church. There is also a weekly market in the town held every Friday. Q. What fears do you have? I feel that the native Irish people really resent me, as some are very angry over the loss of their lands. We call them Tories & Woodkernes. Some of my friends have even been attacked and this makes me scared so I keep loaded muskets (gun) in my house, as do some of my friends. I am also happy and feel safe now that the English system of justice has been set up (common law). Please excuse me as I now have to go and check on my crops.
FOR BOTH PERSONS IN HISTORY THE SAME TERMS CAN BE USED JUST CHANGE HOW YOU USE THEM DEPENDING ON IF YOU ARE A SETTLER WHO RECEIVED OR A NATIVE IRISHMAN WHO LOST LAND
Name one of the plantations which you have studied and write about the effects of that plantation on two of the following: (2x10) 5-6 key points each (i) Religion. (ii) Political control. (iii) Language and customs. SHORT QUESTIONS (HL and OL)
1. Name two British rulers who ordered plantations to be carried out in Ireland. (2010 HL, 2006 HL) 2. Name one group of people who received land in Ireland during the plantations. (2012 OL) 3. Name one area of Ireland where a plantation occurred and the ruler who carried it out. (2015 OL, 2011 OL) 4. Why did the plantations occur? (2011 OL) 5. Name two effects which the plantations had on Ireland? (2010 OL) 6. Explain one way in which Ireland changed because of the plantations. (2015 OL) 7. Choose two of the following terms about Ireland and Britain c.1500-1660 and give one fact about your chosen term: The Pale The Armada Undertakers (2015 OL) 8. Give two reasons why English rulers undertook a policy of plantations in Ireland? (2013) 9. List two features (things) of a plantation town? 10. From your knowledge of the Munster Plantation give two reasons why it failed to be a success? 11. State two results of any plantation you have studied in Ireland in 16th/17th Century? (2011) SOURCE QUESTION (HL) Q.5C, 2009 HL Name one of the plantations which you have studied and write about the effects of that plantation on two of the following: (2x10) (i) Religion. i.e. catholic v protestant, Religious wars in Ulster, Churches had power (ii) Political control. i.e. britain v Ireland, 1798 rebellion, Act of Union, Ulster partition, 1916, War of Independence (iii) Language and customs. i.e. Common v Brehon law, Sports GAA V Soccer/Rugby, Language, separate schools i.e. Catholic v Protestant PEOPLE IN HISTORY (HL and OL) - 20 marks For the Plantations, you'll always write your People in History answer on the Ulster Plantation, because it's the one you learn the most about. There are two different types of People in History question you could be asked on the Plantations, and they are: A settler who received land in a named plantation. (2015 HL, 2012 HL, 2010 HL, 2008 HL, 2006 HL, 2009 OL) A native Irish landowner who lost land in a named plantation. (2014 HL, 2011 HL, 2014 OL) |
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