Ulster Plantation Notes
1. Undertakers (settlers or planters) (got 73% of land) £5 rent per acre, had to bring English or Scottish tenants to rent and work the land 2. Soldiers (Servitors or Adventurers) (got 13% of land) £8 rent per acre (were allowed to rent to Irish) 3. Loyal to crown Irish (got 14% of land) £10 rent per acre (allowed to rent to Irish) By 1640 40,000 English and Scottish settlers moved to Ireland Settlers had to promise or undertake to: • pay rent • build towns (e.g. Londonderry, Coleraine) • speak English • follow obey English common law • promote protestant versions of Christianity (Anglican and Presbyterian) • introduce new farming methods • promote English culture and customs • build stone houses and bawns (wall around the garden/courtyard) Derry/Londonderry James also convinced craftsmen from the London Companies or guilds to move to Ireland (esp. Co. Derry renamed Londonderry) Londonderry Town/City: wall for protection, protestants inside the walls of city, roman catholics outside in an area the Bogside. Market squares in towns were known as the 'Diamond' Impact, Effect, Consequences of the Ulster Plantation: • More protestants in Ireland • More English spoken in Ireland • More people following English Common Law, English customs • New towns builts • New farming methods introduced • New roads built • More craftsmen and workshops in Ireland • More stone houses and bawns built • English got more control in Ireland • Many English and Scottish people moved to Ireland • Tensions between settlers and native Irish over: land, culture, religion, power. • Sometimes tensions led to conflict and violence. Ireland in 1500 King was Lord of Ireland and had little control. The country was divided into 3 areas:
Henry VIII and IrelandHenry wanted greater control in Ireland because:
Surrender and Regrant: Gaelic and Anglo-Irish lords gave their land to the king and got it back, with a title, if they promised to speak English, obey English law and practice English customs. This led to disputes over succession and now land could be confiscated from a chieftain. Plantations were now possible. Loyal planters would get the land of rebellious Irish. The Plantation of Laois and OffalyO Moores and O Connors raided Pale. Lord Deputy defeated them and confiscated lands. Queen’s County (Laois) with a county town called Maryborough (Portlaoise). King’s County (Offaly) with a county town called Philipstown (Daingean) Plantation failed because not enough planters came and the Irish kept attacking the settlers. The Plantation of MunsterCauses of the Desmond Rebellions:
The Plantation of Ulster (special study)Background and Causes: Elizabeth wanted English law and Protestant religion in Ulster. O Neill and O Donnell rebelled. Some victories (Battle of Yellow Ford) and final defeat in Kinsale 1601. Treaty of Mellifont. Flight of the Earls 1607. James 1 confiscated land. The Plantation: James wanted loyal settlers, an income and a way to pay soldiers. 6 counties (Armagh, Derry, Donegal, Cavan, Fermanagh and Tyrone) Estates of 1000, 1500 and 2000 given to 3 groups:
The Cromwellian SettlementBackground and Causes: 1641 rebellion. Ulster settlers massacred. Civil War in England. Ireland was regarded, as Royalist and Cromwell needed to pay his Roundheads and adventurers who had financed the Civil War. Religion was important to Cromwell. The Plantation: 1652 Act of Settlement. ‘To hell or to Connaught’ Many sent to the West Indies. Soldiers allowed enlist in armies not at war with England. Sir William Petty and the Down Survey. 11 million acres. Results:
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