Before the age of exploration people believed: earth was flat, monsters, Europe at centre,, and the world was smaller.
Why people wanted new sea routes:
Difficult and dangerous. Strict discipline. Food dry and salted. Scurvy. Jobs to do. A hammock after America was discovered. Important Explorers& conquistadors a) Prince Henry the Navigator. 3rd son, Sagres (mapmaking, shipbuilding and astronomy), west coast of Africa, padroas (stone pillars), slaves helped fund voyages. b) Bartholomew Diaz. Portuguese. Storm. Cape of Good Hope (King John). Padroa. c) Vasco da Gama. Portuguese. India by sea. Reach Calicut. 2-year voyage. Portuguese got control of this valuable sea route. Set up trading posts. d) Christopher Columbus (special study). Born Genoa. Believed world was round. Wanted to sail west to China and Japan. Underestimated the distance by 3. Failed to get support in England and Portugal. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain in good form having driven out Muslims. ‘In 1492 Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue’. King and Queen promised to make him governor of new lands and title of Admiral of the Ocean. 3 ships, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria and 90 men. He kept 2 logs. San Salvador in the Bahamas. Built a fort out of the wrecked Santa Maria and left 40 men behind. Brought back gold, pineapples, parrots and 6 ‘Indians’. 3 more voyages. Those left behind were killed. Explored other islands like Cuba. Brought over settlers. Such great cruelty against natives that Columbus was brought back in chains. Died disappointed. Never admitted he had not reached his goal. Amerigo Vespucci proved that Columbus had discovered America. The discoveries of Columbus led to a dispute with the Portuguese. The Treaty of Tordesillas gave Brazil to Portugal and Spain got the rest of South America. e) Ferdinand Magellan. Portuguese. Charles V of Spain supported him. He would be made governor of all new lands discovered and 5% of the profits. 5 ships (Trinity, Conception, San Antonio, Santiago and Victoria) Aim of the voyage was to avoid the Portuguese trade route by sailing west. ‘El Paso’ or the ‘Straits of Magellan’. Pacific ocean. Scurvy. Magellan killed on the Philippine Islands. Del Cano and 17 others out of 260 came home after 3 years. f) Hernando Cortés. Conquistador. Aim was gold and silver. 500 men. Got help from other tribes to attack the Aztecs (taxes, slavery and human sacrifices). Horses were new. Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Montezuma killed by his own. Spaniards escape and return with 100,000 men. Slaughter and victory. g) Francisco Pizzaro. Conquistador. Gold and silver. 170 men. Captured Atahualpa. Room full of gold. Took Cuzco, the capital city. Pizzaro killed by his own. Results of the Age of Exploration.
http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus/videos#christopher-columbus-sets-sail http://www.historyextra.com/feature/tudors/tudors-sea-8-ways-survive-voyage?utm_source=Twitter%20referral&utm_medium=t.co&utm_campaign=Bitly http://www.studynotes.ie/wiki/age-exploration-1400-1750/ http://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/index.htm http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs Consequences/Results of the Age of Exploration
In fourteen hundred ninety-two
Columbus sailed the ocean blue. He had three ships and left from Spain; He sailed through sunshine, wind and rain. He sailed by night; he sailed by day; He used the stars to find his way. A compass also helped him know How to find the way to go. Ninety sailors were on board; Some men worked while others snored. Then the workers went to sleep; And others watched the ocean deep Day after day they looked for land; They dreamed of trees and rocks and sand. October 12 their dream came true, You never saw a happier crew! Indians! Indians!" Columbus cried; His heart was filled with joyful pride. But "India" the land was not; It was the Bahamas, and it was hot The Arakawa natives were very nice; They gave the sailors food and spice. Columbus sailed on to find some gold To bring back home, as he'd been told. He made the trip again and again, Trading gold to bring to Spain. The first American? No, not quite. But Columbus was brave, and he was bright. SHORT QUESTIONS (HL and OL) 1. Give two reasons why rulers were willing to sponsor voyages during the Age of Exploration. (2012 HL) 2. Name the civilisation conquered by the Spanish conquistador, Francisco Pizarro. (2012 HL) 3. Explain why there was a great demand for spices in Europe around the year 1500. (2011 HL) 4. What was decided by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494? (2011 HL) 5. Name and explain one instrument of navigation used during the Age of Exploration. (2007 HL) 6. Give one reason why sea travel was so dangerous during the Age of Exploration. (2015 OL, 2012 OL) 7. Name one explorer and one place or route discovered by that explorer. (2009 OL) 8. Tick the following terms from the Age of Exploration and explain your chosen term: Compass Caravel Astrolabe (2015 OL) Long Questions: SOURCE QUESTION (Q.5), HL Q. 5C, 2010 Write an account of two of the following topics: (12) - 12 marks = 6/7 key sentences (i) Achievements of the Portuguese voyages of exploration. - Dias & Da gama (ii) Ferdinand Magellan acheivements (iii) The Spanish conquest of either Mexico or Peru. Cortes or Pizarro as conquistadors = Incas or Aztecs (IV) Achievements/Results of the Voyages of Exploration Q4. PERSON IN HISTORY - 20 MARKS A named LEADER/EXPLORER on a voyage of exploration (2011 HL, 2009 HL, 2014 OL, 2012 OL) A sailor on a voyage of discovery (2006 HL)
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